Trauma surgery is the specialization in surgery that focuses on the treatment and care of injuries, often life-threatening, that are caused by impact forces. The causes of impact forces are many, but some of the more common ones include traffic accidents, falls, sports and crush injuries, as well as gunshot or stabbing wounds.

In most jurisdictions, trauma surgeons are adequately trained and equipped to identify and handle injuries to the head and neck, abdominal area, chest, legs, feet, arms and hands. Any patient that has experienced traumatic physical injury may be seen by a trauma specialist.

Upon arrival to the emergency room, patients are quickly assessed to identify the extent of the injuries and which are the most threatening to function and life. Resuscitation and stabilization are key priorities prior to surgical operations if urgent surgery is not necessary to save the patient’s life. This is then followed by definitive surgical therapy.

Methods used to assess the extent of injury include radiographic X-rays and CT-scans as well as MRI’s. With these tools the surgeon is able to identify damage to internal organs and hemorrhaging. Trauma surgeons work closely with emergency staff in the resuscitative and stabilization efforts of the patient.

Airway patency, breathing, circulation and necessary drugs are the key parameters controlled. Triage care at admission checks typical details, such as the patient’s vital signs, age and history or pre-existing conditions, like cardiopulmonary diseases. Laboratory tests, like blood tests, may be necessary, as well as intravenous access lines and equipment for monitoring vital signs.